ABC Superfamily

The ABC Superfamily stands for ATP Binding Cassette Family. These proteins are invloved in ion transport across the membrane, with members including CFTR AND P-Glycoprotein. The standard structure of a member of the ABC is 12 membrane-spanning domains and 2 Nucleotide Binding Domains (occassionally referred to as a Nucleotide Folding Domain). ATP binds at the NBD .

The ABC family of proteins are one of the largest family of proteins known and have been found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This family of proteins differ significantly from other ATP-binding protein family of kinases. They are not all involved in ion transport across the membrane, some have also been found to be involved in the presentation of antigens as well as being involved in different inherited human diseases .

ABC superfamily

ATP bing casettes is the membrane transport proteins which named ABC superfamily. These can be found in bacteria and human cell memberanewith different substrate. These protein is first defined by bacteria. All the plasmid cell membrane use the ion concentration gradient channel for nutrients entry or out to the cell enviroment. However, bacteria also contain energy of ATP activate substrate.

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DIEASE

Single change of the mechanism in the cell can cause different effect. Abnormal function of the membrance cause different dieases. Cystic Fibrosis is one of the gene mutation which occurs in detaF508 in 75% of the patients.

ABC ion channel is passive tranpor in the cell membrane. There are 3 different domains precented. The transmembrane demains which forms pore in the cell membrane.

Regulatary domains(R domains) has the same function with nucleotide binding domains(NBD) use for the gateing of the channle 

Referencesnd 

1.Bruce Alberts, A,Johnson,ect. (fifth edition2008)"Membrane Transport of small molecules and the electrical properties of membrane" Molecular Biology of The cell.p663-6