Chromosome territories
Chromosome territories are specific regions occupied by chromosomes in the nucleus during interphase. First developed by Carl Rabl (1853-1917) in his paper ‘Über zelltheilung, 1885’,‘Rabl orientation’ was confirmed later in 1982 by C. Cremer (1944-) and T. Cremer (1945-) using premature chromosome condensation and laser-UV-microbeam experiments on Chinese hamster cells.[1] Recent technological advances such as ‘Fish’[2] has shown all eukaryotic organisms territories are typically 1-2µm in diameter irregularly shaped with sub-domains made of individual chromosome arms.[3] As well as this, chromatin folding into fractal globule shapes allows distinction between chromosome territory distinction and easy access for replication molecules and easy unfolding for specific genes.[4] Gene dense chromosomes also tends to occupy regions near the centre of the nucleus whereas less gene dense chromosomes occupies regions near the peripheral of the nucleus.[5] Neighbouring chromosomes can interact with each other and due to this interaction chromosomes are rendered immobile.[6] However, it has become aware that chromosome arrangement in a cell is dependent on cell type/organism/tissue/if diseased and thus we are still unable to predict position.
References
- ↑ Cremer, T., Cremer, C., Baumann, H., Luedtke, E.K., Sperling, K., Teuber, V., Zorn, C., 1982, Rabl's model of the interphase chromosome arrangement tested in Chinese hamster cells by premature chromosome condensation and laser-UV-microbeam experiments., Human Genetics, 60(1), pp46-56. Available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00281263
- ↑ Available explanation at: http://www.genome.gov/10000206
- ↑ Misteli, T., 2008, Chromosome territories: The arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus., Nature Education 1(1):167. Available at: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/chromosome-territories-the-arrangement-of-chromosomes-in-3025
- ↑ p235, Hartl, D.L., Ruvolo, M., et al. 2012, Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes, 8th ed., Jones&Bartlett Learning
- ↑ p236-237, Hartl, D.L., Ruvolo, M., et al. 2012, Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes, 8th ed., Jones&Bartlett Learning
- ↑ Misteli, T., 2008, Chromosome territories: The arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus., Nature Education 1(1):167. Available at: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/chromosome-territories-the-arrangement-of-chromosomes-in-3025