Anaphase

Anaphase is the stage of mitosis and meiosis where genetic information is moved to opposite poles of the dividing cell. In mitosis, with spindles joined to centromeres and the sister chromatids lined up on the metaphase plate, one chromatid from each pair is pulled to either side of the cell. There are two stages of anaphase in mitosis. Anaphase A, where chromosomes move to the poles, is followed by anaphase B, where the poles move apart. Anaphase occurs twice in meiosis (Anaphase 1 and 2). Anaphase 1 involves the separation of the chromosomes in each bivalent to opposite sides of the cell. Similarly to anaphase in mitosis, anaphase 2 involves the actual splitting of sister chromatids to single chromatids.

This diagram demonstrates the chromarids being pulled to the poles of the cell by the spindle fibres.(www.memrise.com/mem/1260542/pull-away-to-the-poles/)

References  Mechanism for Anaphase B: Evaluation of “Slide-and-Cluster” versus “Slide-and-Flux-or-Elongate” Models Ingrid Brust-Mascher,1 Gul Civelekoglu-Scholey,1 and Jonathan M. Scholey1,∗

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Mol Biol Cell. 2015 Apr 15; 26(8): 1452–1462. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E14-12-1631

PMCID: PMC4395126 The microtubule cross-linker Feo controls the midzone stability, motor composition, and elongation of the anaphase B spindle in Drosophila embryos Haifeng Wang, Ingrid Brust-Mascher, and Jonathan M. Scholey1 Francis A. Barr, Monitoring Editor University of Oxford

The mitotic spindle elongates during anaphase, this is shown clearly using drosophila embryos. There is a sliding filament mechanism that shows pole motility dictated by a kinesin-5, which has been observed in these embryos.