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'''Vancomycin''' is a complex [[Glycopeptide|glycopeptide]] <sup><ref name="(1)">University of Kent. Vancomycin-a vital antibiotic. 1997 [cited 06/12/2018];Available from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/vancomycin/text.htm</ref></sup> produced by the soil [[Bacteria|bacterium ]][[Amycolatopsis orientalis|Amycolatopsis orientalis<ref name="(2)">European Bioinformatics Institute. CHEBI:28001 - vancomycin. 2017 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from:fckLRhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28001</ref> | '''Vancomycin''' is a complex [[Glycopeptide|glycopeptide]] <sup><ref name="(1)">University of Kent. Vancomycin-a vital antibiotic. 1997 [cited 06/12/2018];Available from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/vancomycin/text.htm</ref></sup> produced by the soil [[Bacteria|bacterium ]][[Amycolatopsis orientalis|Amycolatopsis orientalis]] <ref name="(2)">European Bioinformatics Institute. CHEBI:28001 - vancomycin. 2017 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from:fckLRhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28001</ref><sup> </sup>. It is also known as 'Mississippi Mud' due to its dark colour and its general appearance when extracted as a natural product<sup><ref name="(3)">Hamilton.Students Researching Vancomycin Structure. 2009 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from: https://www.hamilton.edu/news/story/students-researching-vancomycin-structure</ref></sup>. Its main usage is as an [[Antibiotic|antibiotic]], often given intravenously, used to treat skin infections, endocarditis, bloodstream infections, bone and joint infections and [[Meningitis|meningitis]] caused by the methicillin-resistant [[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococcus aureus]] <sup><ref name="(2)">European Bioinformatics Institute. CHEBI:28001 - vancomycin. 2017 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28001</ref></sup>. | ||
= ''Mechanism of action as an antibiotic<u></u>'' = | = ''Mechanism of action as an antibiotic<u></u>'' = | ||
Vancomycin works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial [[Cell wall|cell wall]], specifically by averting the reaction implying the linkage between the [[Peptidoglycan|peptidoglycan]] precursors. In comparison to other antibiotics such as [[Penicillin|penicillin]], this drug binds to the [[Substrate|substrate]] (<span style="font-size: 13.28px;">D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal dipeptide of peptidoglycan precursors)</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"> ,</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">not the [[Enzyme|enzyme]] </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">in order to inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">. </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"> This antibiotic has a great effect on </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">[[Gram positive bacteria|Gram-positive]]</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">[[Gram positive bacteria| bacteria]], which use the thick peptidoglycan cell wall for protection, but recently bacteria have been developing [[Antibiotic resistance|resistance]] to it, so scientists are obliged to look for | Vancomycin works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial [[Cell wall|cell wall]], specifically by averting the reaction implying the linkage between the [[Peptidoglycan|peptidoglycan]] precursors. In comparison to other antibiotics such as [[Penicillin|penicillin]], this drug binds to the [[Substrate|substrate]] (<span style="font-size: 13.28px;">D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal dipeptide of peptidoglycan precursors)</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"> ,</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">not the [[Enzyme|enzyme]] </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">in order to inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">. </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"> This antibiotic has a great effect on </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">[[Gram positive bacteria|Gram-positive]]</span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">[[Gram positive bacteria| bacteria]], which use the thick peptidoglycan cell wall for protection, but recently bacteria have been developing [[Antibiotic resistance|resistance]] to it, so scientists are obliged to look for </span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">alternatives</span><ref name="(1)">University of Kent. Vancomycin-a vital antibiotic. 1997 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/vancomycin/text.htm</ref><span style="font-size: 13.28px;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="font-size: 13.28px;">.</span> | ||
= ''Alternatives'' = | = ''Alternatives'' = | ||
Revision as of 12:29, 6 December 2018
Vancomycin is a complex glycopeptide [1] produced by the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis [2] . It is also known as 'Mississippi Mud' due to its dark colour and its general appearance when extracted as a natural product[3]. Its main usage is as an antibiotic, often given intravenously, used to treat skin infections, endocarditis, bloodstream infections, bone and joint infections and meningitis caused by the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [2].
Mechanism of action as an antibiotic
Vancomycin works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, specifically by averting the reaction implying the linkage between the peptidoglycan precursors. In comparison to other antibiotics such as penicillin, this drug binds to the substrate (D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal dipeptide of peptidoglycan precursors) , not the enzyme in order to inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall. This antibiotic has a great effect on Gram-positive bacteria, which use the thick peptidoglycan cell wall for protection, but recently bacteria have been developing resistance to it, so scientists are obliged to look for alternatives[1] .
Alternatives
A new version of Vancomycin is being worked on that implies the introduction of a not often seen carbohydrate group, respectively seven-membered rings, which will hopefully be different enough for bacteria not to recognise[3].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 University of Kent. Vancomycin-a vital antibiotic. 1997 [cited 06/12/2018];Available from: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/vancomycin/text.htm Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "(1)" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 European Bioinformatics Institute. CHEBI:28001 - vancomycin. 2017 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from:fckLRhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28001 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "(2)" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hamilton.Students Researching Vancomycin Structure. 2009 [cited 06/12/2018];fckLRAvailable from: https://www.hamilton.edu/news/story/students-researching-vancomycin-structure Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "(3)" defined multiple times with different content