Genetic mutation: Difference between revisions
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'''Genetic mutation- '''this term indicates an alteration to base sequence in [[DNA|DNA]] of an organism which results in a mutant [[Allele|allele]] of a [[Gene|gene]] i.e. an allele that occurs in less than 1% of population.The change is heritable and can be passed on to offspring if fixed into the parental [[Genome|genome]]. Mutations can vary depending on the type of genomic alteration: | '''Genetic mutation- '''this term indicates an alteration to base sequence in [[DNA|DNA]] of an organism which results in a mutant [[Allele|allele]] of a [[Gene|gene]] i.e. an allele that occurs in less than 1% of population.The change is heritable and can be passed on to offspring if fixed into the parental [[Genome|genome]]. Mutations can vary depending on the type of genomic alteration: | ||
-addition | -addition | ||
-deletion | -deletion | ||
-substitution | -substitution | ||
-rearrangement of bases. | -rearrangement of bases. | ||
To investigate the events leading to mutation we can look at mutagenesis process. There are three types: | To investigate the events leading to mutation we can look at mutagenesis process. There are three types: | ||
-spontaneous (no mutation causing agent) | -spontaneous (no mutation causing agent) | ||
-induced (a foreign genome introduced e.g.in the laboratory) | -induced (a foreign genome introduced e.g.in the laboratory) | ||
-directed (in vitro change to genome). | -directed (in vitro change to genome). | ||
<ref>Genetics, 1987, Geoffrey Zubay</ref> | <ref>Genetics, 1987, Geoffrey Zubay</ref> | ||
We can calculate the rate of mutation occurance using an equation from Poisson distribution: | We can calculate the rate of mutation occurance using an equation from Poisson distribution: | ||
'''P<sub>0</sub>=e<sup>-mN</sup>'''<sup></sup> | '''P<sub>0</sub>=e<sup>-mN</sup>'''<sup></sup> | ||
<br> | |||
where P<sub>0</sub> is the probability of seeing no mutations, N is the number of cells per culture and m is the mutation rate. | where P<sub>0</sub> is the probability of seeing no mutations, N is the number of cells per culture and m is the mutation rate. | ||
<ref>Encyclopedia of Genetics,Volume 3, 2002, S.Brenner,J.H. Miller</ref> | <ref>Encyclopedia of Genetics,Volume 3, 2002, S.Brenner,J.H. Miller</ref> | ||
Revision as of 12:08, 23 November 2012
Genetic mutation- this term indicates an alteration to base sequence in DNA of an organism which results in a mutant allele of a gene i.e. an allele that occurs in less than 1% of population.The change is heritable and can be passed on to offspring if fixed into the parental genome. Mutations can vary depending on the type of genomic alteration:
-addition
-deletion
-substitution
-rearrangement of bases.
To investigate the events leading to mutation we can look at mutagenesis process. There are three types:
-spontaneous (no mutation causing agent)
-induced (a foreign genome introduced e.g.in the laboratory)
-directed (in vitro change to genome).
We can calculate the rate of mutation occurance using an equation from Poisson distribution:
P0=e-mN
where P0 is the probability of seeing no mutations, N is the number of cells per culture and m is the mutation rate.