RNA polymerase II: Difference between revisions

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RNA polymerase II is found in [[Eukaryotic cells|eukaryotic cells]]&nbsp;and is structurally similar to [[RNA polymerase I]]&nbsp;and [[RNA polymerase III|IIIwith]] all three sharing common subunits. It&nbsp;is used&nbsp;to transcribe all [[Protein|protein]]-encoding [[Genes|genes]], and in addition, many of the small nucleolar RNAs ([[SnoRNA|snoRNA]])&nbsp;and the majority of the [[Micro RNA|micro RNAs]] (miRNA)<ref>Wilhelm E et al (2012)'Probing Endogenous RNA Polymerase II Pre-initiation Complexes by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', Methods Mol Biol. 809:63-74</ref>. RNA polymerase II cannot transcribe [[DNA|DNA]] on its own: the many&nbsp;elements that make up the [[Pre Initiation Complex|pre-initiation complex]] (PIC) must assemble at the site of the promoter in order for RNA polymerase II to be recruited and begin transcription&nbsp;<ref>Seizl M et al. (2011). A Conserved GA Element in TATA-Less RNA Polymerase II Promoters. PLoS One. 6 (11), e27595</ref>. The PIC is made up of Transcription Factors: [[TFIID|TFIID]], [[TFIIA|TFIIA]], [[TFIIB|TFIIB]], [[TFIIF|TFIIF]], [[TFIIE|TFIIE]], [[TFIIH|TFIIH]]&nbsp;<ref>D. B. Nikolov et al. (1997). RNA polymerase II transcription initiation: A structural view. PNAS. 94 (1), 15-22.</ref>.
RNA polymerase II is found in [[Eukaryotic cells|eukaryotic cells]] and is structurally similar to [[RNA polymerase I]] and [[RNA polymerase III|III]] with all three sharing common subunits. It is used to transcribe all [[Protein|protein]]-encoding [[Genes|genes]], and in addition, many of the small nucleolar RNAs ([[SnoRNA|snoRNA]]) and the majority of the [[Micro RNA|micro RNAs]] (miRNA)<ref>Wilhelm E et al (2012)'Probing Endogenous RNA Polymerase II Pre-initiation Complexes by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', Methods Mol Biol. 809:63-74</ref>. RNA polymerase II cannot transcribe [[DNA|DNA]] on its own: the many elements that make up the [[Pre Initiation Complex|pre-initiation complex]] (PIC) must assemble at the site of the promoter in order for RNA polymerase II to be recruited and begin [[Transcription|transcription]]<ref>Seizl M et al. (2011). A Conserved GA Element in TATA-Less RNA Polymerase II Promoters. PLoS One. 6 (11), e27595</ref>. The PIC is made up of [[Transcription factors|Transcription Factors]]: [[TFIID|TFIID]], [[TFIIA|TFIIA]], [[TFIIB|TFIIB]], [[TFIIF|TFIIF]], [[TFIIE|TFIIE]], [[TFIIH|TFIIH]]<ref>D. B. Nikolov et al. (1997). RNA polymerase II transcription initiation: A structural view. PNAS. 94 (1), 15-22.</ref>. RNA Pol II is also exploited for use in CRISPR technology for genome editing<ref name="crispr">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023835/</ref>.


It has a very similar structure to its prokaryotic counterpart but is made up of many more subunits with a total of twelve.  
It has a very similar structure to its prokaryotic counterpart but is made up of many more subunits with a total of twelve.  

Latest revision as of 16:45, 23 October 2018

RNA polymerase II is found in eukaryotic cells and is structurally similar to RNA polymerase I and III with all three sharing common subunits. It is used to transcribe all protein-encoding genes, and in addition, many of the small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) and the majority of the micro RNAs (miRNA)[1]. RNA polymerase II cannot transcribe DNA on its own: the many elements that make up the pre-initiation complex (PIC) must assemble at the site of the promoter in order for RNA polymerase II to be recruited and begin transcription[2]. The PIC is made up of Transcription Factors: TFIID, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, TFIIE, TFIIH[3]. RNA Pol II is also exploited for use in CRISPR technology for genome editing[4].

It has a very similar structure to its prokaryotic counterpart but is made up of many more subunits with a total of twelve.

References

  1. ↑ Wilhelm E et al (2012)'Probing Endogenous RNA Polymerase II Pre-initiation Complexes by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', Methods Mol Biol. 809:63-74
  2. ↑ Seizl M et al. (2011). A Conserved GA Element in TATA-Less RNA Polymerase II Promoters. PLoS One. 6 (11), e27595
  3. ↑ D. B. Nikolov et al. (1997). RNA polymerase II transcription initiation: A structural view. PNAS. 94 (1), 15-22.
  4. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023835/
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