The central dogma: Difference between revisions
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The Central Dogma is basically the process of [[Transcription|transcription]] and [[Translation|translation]] during [[Protein synthesis|protein synthesis]] in eukaryotic cells. | |||
Transcription occurs when [[DNA helicase|DNA helicase]] unravels the double stranded helix of [[DNA|DNA]] so expose a particular [[Gene|gene]] coding for the wanted protein. [[RNA polymerase|RNA polymerase]] and [[Transcription factor|transcription factors]] then bind and start to create a complementary single strand of [[MRNA|mRNA]]. This mRNA contains [[Complementary base pairs|complementary base pairs]] (with the exception of [[Uracil|Uracil being]] swapped for [[Thymine|thymine]]) however, it also contains [[Introns|introns]] (non coding regions of DNA) which are then cleaved out of the [[MRNA|mRNA by]] a [[Spliceosome|spliceosome]] leaving a mRNA with [[Exons|exons]] only. The mRNA then leaves the [[Nucleus|nucleus]] and attatches to a [[Ribosome|ribsosome]]. Every 3 [[DNA bases|bases on]] the mRNA strand code for one specific [[Amino acid|amino acid]] which is brough to the ribosome by specific [[TRNA|tRNA]] molecules. Once 2 tRNA molecules (coded for by 6 bases on the mRNA strand) are brought to the ribsome a [[Peptide bond|peptide bond]] will form between them, and as each amino acid is coded for another is added to the [[Primary sequence|primary sequence]] of the coded [[Proteins|protein]]. | Transcription occurs when [[DNA helicase|DNA helicase]] unravels the double stranded helix of [[DNA|DNA]] so expose a particular [[Gene|gene]] coding for the wanted protein. [[RNA polymerase|RNA polymerase]] and [[Transcription factor|transcription factors]] then bind and start to create a complementary single strand of [[MRNA|mRNA]]. This mRNA contains [[Complementary base pairs|complementary base pairs]] (with the exception of [[Uracil|Uracil being]] swapped for [[Thymine|thymine]]) however, it also contains [[Introns|introns]] (non coding regions of DNA) which are then cleaved out of the [[MRNA|mRNA by]] a [[Spliceosome|spliceosome]] leaving a mRNA with [[Exons|exons]] only. The mRNA then leaves the [[Nucleus|nucleus]] and attatches to a [[Ribosome|ribsosome]]. Every 3 [[DNA bases|bases on]] the mRNA strand code for one specific [[Amino acid|amino acid]] which is brough to the ribosome by specific [[TRNA|tRNA]] molecules. Once 2 tRNA molecules (coded for by 6 bases on the mRNA strand) are brought to the ribsome a [[Peptide bond|peptide bond]] will form between them, and as each amino acid is coded for another is added to the [[Primary sequence|primary sequence]] of the coded [[Proteins|protein]]. | ||
Latest revision as of 07:41, 21 November 2016
The Central Dogma is basically the process of transcription and translation during protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
Transcription occurs when DNA helicase unravels the double stranded helix of DNA so expose a particular gene coding for the wanted protein. RNA polymerase and transcription factors then bind and start to create a complementary single strand of mRNA. This mRNA contains complementary base pairs (with the exception of Uracil being swapped for thymine) however, it also contains introns (non coding regions of DNA) which are then cleaved out of the mRNA by a spliceosome leaving a mRNA with exons only. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attatches to a ribsosome. Every 3 bases on the mRNA strand code for one specific amino acid which is brough to the ribosome by specific tRNA molecules. Once 2 tRNA molecules (coded for by 6 bases on the mRNA strand) are brought to the ribsome a peptide bond will form between them, and as each amino acid is coded for another is added to the primary sequence of the coded protein.
This is what makes up the basic principle of the central dogma. DNA codes for mRNA which codes for a protein.
The central dogma also supports the "RNA world" hypothesis as it shows RNA's self replicating properties as well as its vital importance to peptide polymerisation.