Lysosomes: Difference between revisions

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Lysosomes are organelles found in all animal cells<sup>1</sup><sup></sup><sup></sup> and less commonly found in plant cells<sup>2</sup>, that consist of hydrolytic digestive enzymes enclosed by a single-layer membrane (vesicle)<sup>1</sup><sup></sup><sup></sup>.  
Lysosomes are [[organelles|organelles]] found in all [[animal cells|animal cells<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>]]&nbsp;and less commonly found in plant cells<ref>Sullivan J.A., CELLS Alive!, 1994. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm)</ref>, that consist of [[hydrolytic digestive enzymes|hydrolytic digestive enzymes]] enclosed by a single-layer membrane ([[Vesicle|vesicle]])<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>.  


Their purpose is to break down substances that are harmful or no longer useful for the cell<sup>1</sup>, or even entire organelles<sup>3</sup>, and recycle their components for later use by the cell<sup>1</sup><sup></sup>.Lysosymes are present in greater numbers in white blood cells, since they are needed to break down toxic substances and bacteria that have been taken in by endocytosis<sup>1</sup>.&nbsp;  
Their purpose is to break down substances that are harmful or no longer useful for the cell<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>, or even entire organelles<ref>Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., ‘Molecular Biology of the Cell’, 6th Edition, New York: Garland Science, Taylor &amp; Francis Group. 2015. Page 642</ref>, and recycle their components for later use by the cell<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>. Lysosymes are present in greater numbers in [[White_blood_cells|white blood cells]], since they are needed to break down toxic substances and [[bacterial meningitis|bacteria]] that have been taken in by [[Endocytosis|endocytosis]]<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>.&nbsp;  


The hydrolytic enzymes found within the lysosomes are all produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification<sup>1</sup>. They are then released from the Golgi apparatus inside vesicles<sup>1</sup>.  
The hydrolytic enzymes found within the lysosomes are all produced in the [[Rough_endoplasmic_reticulum|rough endoplasmic reticulum]] (RER) and transported to the [[Golgi_apparatus|Golgi apparatus]] for modification<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>. They are then released from the Golgi apparatus inside vesicles<ref>Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)</ref>.


<br>
=== References&nbsp;&nbsp; ===


References:
<references />
 
1) Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from:&nbsp;https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
 
2) Sullivan J.A., CELLS Alive!, 1994. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from:&nbsp;http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
 
3)&nbsp;Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., ‘Molecular Biology of the Cell’, 6th Edition, New York: Garland Science, Taylor &amp; Francis Group. 2015. Page 642.&nbsp;

Revision as of 09:30, 26 November 2016

Lysosomes are organelles found in all animal cells[1] and less commonly found in plant cells[2], that consist of hydrolytic digestive enzymes enclosed by a single-layer membrane (vesicle)[3].

Their purpose is to break down substances that are harmful or no longer useful for the cell[4], or even entire organelles[5], and recycle their components for later use by the cell[6]. Lysosymes are present in greater numbers in white blood cells, since they are needed to break down toxic substances and bacteria that have been taken in by endocytosis[7]. 

The hydrolytic enzymes found within the lysosomes are all produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification[8]. They are then released from the Golgi apparatus inside vesicles[9].

References  

  1. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  2. ↑ Sullivan J.A., CELLS Alive!, 1994. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm)
  3. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  4. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  5. ↑ Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., ‘Molecular Biology of the Cell’, 6th Edition, New York: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group. 2015. Page 642
  6. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  7. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  8. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  9. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
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