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Organelles are separate compartments in [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] cells that contain different [[Enzyme|enzymes]] and [[Molecule|molecules]] and have specific roles in maintaining [[Cell|cell]] structure and function <ref>Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th Edition. p695. Garland Science, New York</ref>. Each organelle has its own membrane in the form of a lipid bilayer, this allows compartmentalization and segragation of different chemical activites. Different organelles can be seperated by [[Centrifugation|centrifugation]] due to thier varying densities. | Organelles are separate compartments in [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] cells that contain different [[Enzyme|enzymes]] and [[Molecule|molecules]] and have specific roles in maintaining [[Cell|cell]] structure and function <ref>Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th Edition. p695. Garland Science, New York</ref>. Each organelle has its own membrane in the form of a [[lipid bilayer|lipid bilayer]], this allows compartmentalization and segragation of different chemical activites. Different organelles can be seperated by [[Centrifugation|centrifugation]] due to thier varying densities. | ||
=== Eukaryotic Organelles and their Functions: === | |||
*[[Ribosomes|Ribosomes]] - host sites for protein synthesis: translation of [[mRNA|mRNA]] into [[proteins|proteins]]. | |||
*[[Nucleus|Nucleus]] - contains chromosomes as a store of genetic information. | |||
*[[Nuclear envelope|Nuclear envelope]] - surrounds the nucleus, allows passage of material into and out of the nucleus. Eg [[mRNA|mRNA]] | |||
Ribosomes - host sites for protein synthesis: translation of mRNA into proteins. | *[[Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum|Rough ER]] (endoplasmic reticulum) - located next to the nucleus, the rough ER has docked ribosomes for protein synthesis. | ||
*[[Smooth_endoplasmic_reticulum|Smooth ER]] - endoplasmic reticulum without docked [[ribosomes|ribosomes]] - synthesis of lipids and steroids | |||
Nucleus - contains chromosomes as a store of genetic information. | *[[Lysozymes|Lysozymes]] - contain [[hydrolytic enzyme|hydrolytic enzyme]] for intracellular degredation | ||
*[[Endosomes|Endosomes]] - sort endocytosed materials | |||
Nuclear envelope - surrounds the nucleus, allows passage of material into and out of the nucleus. Eg mRNA | *[[Golgi_apparatus|Golgi Body]] - post-transcriptional modification, separation and assortment of newly synthesised proteins | ||
*[[Peroxisomes|Peroxisomes]] - contain [[enzymes|enzymes]] for oxidation of toxins | |||
Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) - located next to the nucleus, the rough ER has docked ribosomes for protein synthesis. | |||
Smooth ER - endoplasmic reticulum without docked ribosomes - synthesis of lipids and steroids | |||
Lysozymes - contain hydrolytic enzyme for intracellular degredation | |||
Endosomes - sort endocytosed materials | |||
Golgi Body - post-transcriptional modification, separation and assortment of newly synthesised proteins | |||
Peroxisomes - contain enzymes for oxidation of toxins | |||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /><br> | <references /><br> | ||
Revision as of 22:19, 1 December 2011
Organelles are separate compartments in eukaryotic cells that contain different enzymes and molecules and have specific roles in maintaining cell structure and function [1]. Each organelle has its own membrane in the form of a lipid bilayer, this allows compartmentalization and segragation of different chemical activites. Different organelles can be seperated by centrifugation due to thier varying densities.
Eukaryotic Organelles and their Functions:
- Ribosomes - host sites for protein synthesis: translation of mRNA into proteins.
- Nucleus - contains chromosomes as a store of genetic information.
- Nuclear envelope - surrounds the nucleus, allows passage of material into and out of the nucleus. Eg mRNA
- Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) - located next to the nucleus, the rough ER has docked ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER - endoplasmic reticulum without docked ribosomes - synthesis of lipids and steroids
- Lysozymes - contain hydrolytic enzyme for intracellular degredation
- Endosomes - sort endocytosed materials
- Golgi Body - post-transcriptional modification, separation and assortment of newly synthesised proteins
- Peroxisomes - contain enzymes for oxidation of toxins
References
- ↑ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th Edition. p695. Garland Science, New York