Organelles: Difference between revisions
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Organelles are separate compartments in [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] cells that contain different [[Enzyme|enzymes]] and [[Molecule|molecules]] and have specific roles in maintaining [[Cell|cell]] structure and function <ref>Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th Edition. p695. Garland Science, New York</ref>. Each organelle has its own membrane in the form of a [[Lipid bilayer|lipid bilayer]], this allows [[Compartmentalisation| | Organelles are separate compartments in [[Eukaryotic|eukaryotic]] cells that contain different [[Enzyme|enzymes]] and [[Molecule|molecules]] and have specific roles in maintaining [[Cell|cell]] structure and function <ref>Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th Edition. p695. Garland Science, New York</ref>. Each organelle has its own membrane in the form of a [[Lipid bilayer|lipid bilayer]], this allows [[Compartmentalisation|compartmentalisation and]] segragation of different chemical activites. Different organelles can be seperated by [[Centrifugation|centrifugation]] due to thier varying densities. | ||
=== Eukaryotic Organelles and their Functions: === | === Eukaryotic Organelles and their Functions: === | ||
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*[[Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum|Rough ER]] (endoplasmic reticulum) - located next to the nucleus, the rough ER has docked ribosomes for protein synthesis. | *[[Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum|Rough ER]] (endoplasmic reticulum) - located next to the nucleus, the rough ER has docked ribosomes for protein synthesis. | ||
*[[Smooth endoplasmic reticulum|Smooth ER]] - endoplasmic reticulum without docked [[Ribosomes|ribosomes]] - synthesis of lipids and steroids | *[[Smooth endoplasmic reticulum|Smooth ER]] - endoplasmic reticulum without docked [[Ribosomes|ribosomes]] - synthesis of lipids and steroids | ||
*[[Lysozyme| | *[[Lysozyme|Lyso]][[lysosome|some]] - contain [[Hydrolytic enzyme|hydrolytic enzyme]][[hydrolytic enzymes|s]] for intracellular degredation | ||
*[[Endosomes|Endosomes]] - sort endocytosed materials | *[[Endosomes|Endosomes]] - sort endocytosed materials | ||
*[[Golgi apparatus|Golgi Body]] - post-transcriptional modification, separation and assortment of newly synthesised proteins | *[[Golgi apparatus|Golgi Body]] - post-transcriptional modification, separation and assortment of newly synthesised proteins | ||
Revision as of 11:20, 30 November 2012
Organelles are separate compartments in eukaryotic cells that contain different enzymes and molecules and have specific roles in maintaining cell structure and function [1]. Each organelle has its own membrane in the form of a lipid bilayer, this allows compartmentalisation and segragation of different chemical activites. Different organelles can be seperated by centrifugation due to thier varying densities.
Eukaryotic Organelles and their Functions:
- Ribosomes - host sites for protein synthesis: translation of mRNA into proteins.
- Nucleus - contains chromosomes as a store of genetic information.
- Nuclear envelope - surrounds the nucleus, allows passage of material into and out of the nucleus. Eg mRNA
- Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) - located next to the nucleus, the rough ER has docked ribosomes for protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER - endoplasmic reticulum without docked ribosomes - synthesis of lipids and steroids
- Lysosome - contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular degredation
- Endosomes - sort endocytosed materials
- Golgi Body - post-transcriptional modification, separation and assortment of newly synthesised proteins
- Peroxisomes - contain enzymes for oxidation of toxins
References
- ↑ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. 2008. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5th Edition. p695. Garland Science, New York