Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are organelles found in all animal cells[1] and less commonly found in plant cells[2], that consist of hydrolytic digestive enzymes enclosed by a single-layer membrane (vesicle)[3].

Their purpose is to break down substances that are harmful or no longer useful for the cell[4], or even entire organelles[5], and recycle their components for later use by the cell[6]. Lysosymes are present in greater numbers in white blood cells, since they are needed to break down toxic substances and bacteria that have been taken in by endocytosis[7]. 

The hydrolytic enzymes found within the lysosomes are all produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification[8]. They are then released from the Golgi apparatus inside vesicles[9].

References  

  1. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  2. ↑ Sullivan J.A., CELLS Alive!, 1994. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm)
  3. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  4. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  5. ↑ Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P., ‘Molecular Biology of the Cell’, 6th Edition, New York: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group. 2015. Page 642
  6. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  7. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  8. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
  9. ↑ Davidson M.W., Florida State University, 1995. Cited: 24/11/2016 (Available from: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/lysosomes/lysosomes.html)
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