Eukaryotic cell: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The word ''''Eukaryotic'''' means 'true [[Nucleus|nucleus]]' and eukaryotic cells have . '''Eukaryotic cells '''only contain [[Organelles|organelles]] that are distinctly [[Membrane|membrane]]-bound such as [[Nuclei|nuclei]], [[Mitochondria|mitochondria]] and [[Chloroplasts|chloroplasts]] ([[Plant cell|plants]] only). [[Animal|Animals]], [[Plants|Plants]], [[Fungi|Fungi]] and Protoctista are all [[Eukaryotes|eukaryotes]]; bacteria are [[Prokaryotes|prokaryotes]]. In comparison, eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells with a diameters ranging from 10-100 μm. Organisms with eukaryotic cells are referred to as eukaryotes. There are two types of eukaryotic cells; animal and plant cells, which are distinguishable in terms of their ultrastrctures.<ref>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., & Walter, P. (2007). Molecular Biology of the Cell. United States: Garland Publishing Inc. pp. 26-27</ref> | The word ''''Eukaryotic'''' means 'true [[Nucleus|nucleus]]' and eukaryotic cells have . '''Eukaryotic cells '''only contain [[Organelles|organelles]] that are distinctly [[Membrane|membrane]]-bound such as [[Nuclei|nuclei]], [[Mitochondria|mitochondria]] and [[Chloroplasts|chloroplasts]] ([[Plant cell|plants]] only). [[Animal|Animals]], [[Plants|Plants]], [[Fungi|Fungi]] and Protoctista are all [[Eukaryotes|eukaryotes]]; bacteria are [[Prokaryotes|prokaryotes]]. In comparison, eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells with a diameters ranging from 10-100 μm. Organisms with eukaryotic cells are referred to as eukaryotes. There are two types of eukaryotic cells; animal and plant cells, which are distinguishable in terms of their ultrastrctures.<ref>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., &amp; Walter, P. (2007). Molecular Biology of the Cell. United States: Garland Publishing Inc. pp. 26-27</ref> | ||
=== Ultrastructure === | === Ultrastructure === | ||
To be classed as a eukaryotic cell, the cell must contain a [[Nucleus|nucleus]], with genetic material, surrounded by a [[Phospholipid bilayer membrane|double membrane]] (or envelope) and organelles (structures) in the [[Cytosol|cytosol]], each surrounded by one or two membranes also. The organelles include; the nucleus which contains the main [[ | To be classed as a eukaryotic cell, the cell must contain a [[Nucleus|nucleus]], with genetic material, surrounded by a [[Phospholipid bilayer membrane|double membrane]] (or envelope) and organelles (structures) in the [[Cytosol|cytosol]], each surrounded by one or two membranes also. The organelles include; the nucleus which contains the main [[Genome|genome]] and is the site of [[DNA synthesis| DNA synthesis]] and [[RNA synthesis]], the [[Endoplasmic Reticulum|endoplasmic reticulum which]] is the site of synthesis for most [[Lipid|lipids]] and proteins and is responsible for the distributution of these molecules to many organelles and to the [[Plasma membrane|plasma membrane]], the [[Golgi apparatus|Golgi apparatus]] is responsible for the modification, sorting and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery, [[Lysosome|lysosomes]] which are used for intracellular degradation, [[Endosomes|endosomes]] which are responsible for [[Endocytosis|endocytosed]] material, mitochondria which are required for [[Oxidative phosphorylation|oxidative phosphorylation]] and [[Peroxisomes|peroxisomes]] which are responsible for the [[Oxidation|oxidation]] of toxic molecules. In plant cells, an addition number of organelles are present such as chroloplasts which are essential [[Photosynthesis|photosynthesis]] instead of mitochondria but also do not contain organelles such as [[Peroxisomes|peroxisomes]]. <ref>Hardin, J., Bertoni, G., &amp; Kleinsmith, L. (2012). Becker's World of the Cell. United States: Pearson Education (US). pp.75-105</ref> <br> | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /><br> | <references /><br> | ||
Revision as of 01:40, 22 October 2015
The word 'Eukaryotic' means 'true nucleus' and eukaryotic cells have . Eukaryotic cells only contain organelles that are distinctly membrane-bound such as nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts (plants only). Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protoctista are all eukaryotes; bacteria are prokaryotes. In comparison, eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells with a diameters ranging from 10-100 μm. Organisms with eukaryotic cells are referred to as eukaryotes. There are two types of eukaryotic cells; animal and plant cells, which are distinguishable in terms of their ultrastrctures.[1]
Ultrastructure
To be classed as a eukaryotic cell, the cell must contain a nucleus, with genetic material, surrounded by a double membrane (or envelope) and organelles (structures) in the cytosol, each surrounded by one or two membranes also. The organelles include; the nucleus which contains the main genome and is the site of DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum which is the site of synthesis for most lipids and proteins and is responsible for the distributution of these molecules to many organelles and to the plasma membrane, the Golgi apparatus is responsible for the modification, sorting and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion or delivery, lysosomes which are used for intracellular degradation, endosomes which are responsible for endocytosed material, mitochondria which are required for oxidative phosphorylation and peroxisomes which are responsible for the oxidation of toxic molecules. In plant cells, an addition number of organelles are present such as chroloplasts which are essential photosynthesis instead of mitochondria but also do not contain organelles such as peroxisomes. [2]