Dephosphorylation: Difference between revisions
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Dephosphorylation is the [[Covalent]] modification of a protein, involving the removal of a [[Phosphate group]] from the [[Serine]], [[Threonine]] or [[Tyrosine]] side chain of that protein. It is in inverse correlation with [[Phosphorylation]] (the addition of phosphate groups to proteins) as this reaction is involved in undertaking the reverse effect of | Dephosphorylation is the [[Covalent|covalent]] modification of a [[protein|protein]] <ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman. Page 284</ref>, involving the removal of a [[Phosphate group|phosphate group]] from the [[Serine|serine]], [[Threonine|threonine]] or [[Tyrosine|tyrosine]] side chain of that protein. It is in inverse correlation with [[Phosphorylation|phosphorylation]] (the addition of phosphate groups to [[Proteins|proteins]]) as this reaction is involved in undertaking the reverse effect of protein [[Kinase|kinases]], the [[Enzymes|enzymes]] involved in phosphorylation <ref>Alberts B. et al (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, New York: Garland Science. Page 176</ref>. [[Protein phosphatases]] are [[Enzymes|enzymes]] that catalyse the dephosphorylation reaction, during which, activation of the enzyme will result in [[Hydrolysis|hydrolysis]] of the bond between the phosphate group and the protein, hence removing the phosphate but otherwise leaving the protein unchanged <ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman. Page 285-6</ref>. They can be highly specific or have a wide range of [[Substrate|substrates]] and are efficiently reversed <ref>Alberts B. et al (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, New York: Garland Science. Page 176</ref>. The main function of dephosphorylation in cells is that it reverses the effects of phosphorylation, by turning off the downstream signalling pathways created by [[Kinase|kinases]]. This can be either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect, depending on the whether the kinase is involved in activation or inactivation of the protein signalling pathway <ref>Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman. Page 285-6</ref>.<br> | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:41, 23 October 2012
Dephosphorylation is the covalent modification of a protein [1], involving the removal of a phosphate group from the serine, threonine or tyrosine side chain of that protein. It is in inverse correlation with phosphorylation (the addition of phosphate groups to proteins) as this reaction is involved in undertaking the reverse effect of protein kinases, the enzymes involved in phosphorylation [2]. Protein phosphatases are enzymes that catalyse the dephosphorylation reaction, during which, activation of the enzyme will result in hydrolysis of the bond between the phosphate group and the protein, hence removing the phosphate but otherwise leaving the protein unchanged [3]. They can be highly specific or have a wide range of substrates and are efficiently reversed [4]. The main function of dephosphorylation in cells is that it reverses the effects of phosphorylation, by turning off the downstream signalling pathways created by kinases. This can be either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect, depending on the whether the kinase is involved in activation or inactivation of the protein signalling pathway [5].
References
- ↑ Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman. Page 284
- ↑ Alberts B. et al (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, New York: Garland Science. Page 176
- ↑ Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman. Page 285-6
- ↑ Alberts B. et al (2008) Molecular Biology of the Cell, 5th Edition, New York: Garland Science. Page 176
- ↑ Berg J., Tymoczko J. and Stryer L. (2007) Biochemistry, 6th edition, New York: WH Freeman. Page 285-6