Transcription Factor H: Difference between revisions
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Transcription Factor H (TFIIH) is part of the eukaryotic [[Pre Initiation Complex]] which helps to position eukaryotic[[Rna polymerases in eukaryotes|RNA polymerase 2 correctly]] at the promoter of a gene. | Transcription Factor H (TFIIH) is part of the eukaryotic [[Pre Initiation Complex]] which helps to position eukaryotic[[Rna polymerases in eukaryotes|RNA polymerase 2 correctly]] at the promoter of a [[gene|gene]]. | ||
TFIIH is composed of 9 - 10 subunits and can be divided into 2 parts, the Core and the Cak. Located in the Core is XPB and XPD [[Helicase|helicase]] subunits with are orthologs of yeast Ss12 and Rad3 <ref>Goel Shivani, Krishnamurthy Shankarling, Hampsey Michael (2011) The mechanism of start site selection by RNA polymerase II: interplay between TFIIB and the Ssl2/XPB helicase subunit of TFIIH; J Biol Chem; [Epub ahead of print]</ref>, XPB promotes [[DNA|DNA]] unwinding which is need for the [[RNA|RNA]] to successfully transcribe the DNA to [[mRNA|mRNA]]. This step is energy dependent so requires [[hydrolysis|hydrolysis]] of [[ATP|ATP]]<ref>Alberts et al. (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edition,pages;341 . garland science,madison avenue,new york.</ref>. The Cak region has [[kinase|kinases]] which [[Phosphorylation|phosphorylates]] a [[Serine|serine]] in the fifth position of the [[cysteine|cysteine]] rich domain of [[RNA_polymerase_II|RNA polymerase 2]], this step is essential as it causes a conformational change to tighten its interaction with the [[DNA|DNA]] and leave some of the transcription factors behind<ref>Alberts et al. (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edition,pages;341, 342 . garland science,madison avenue,new york.</ref>. Cak can also dissociate away from TFIIH as it has other roles in cell cycle regulation.<br> | |||
<br> | |||
Some diseases associated with TFIIH mutations include: | Some diseases associated with TFIIH mutations include: | ||
*Xeroderma Pigmentosum ( UV sensitivity) | *[[Xeroderma Pigmentosum|Xeroderma Pigmentosum]] (UV sensitivity) | ||
*Trichothiodystrophy | *[[Trichothiodystrophy|Trichothiodystrophy]] | ||
*Cockayne Syndrome | *[[Cockayne Syndrome|Cockayne Syndrome]] | ||
=== References === | |||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 20:45, 28 November 2011
Transcription Factor H (TFIIH) is part of the eukaryotic Pre Initiation Complex which helps to position eukaryoticRNA polymerase 2 correctly at the promoter of a gene.
TFIIH is composed of 9 - 10 subunits and can be divided into 2 parts, the Core and the Cak. Located in the Core is XPB and XPD helicase subunits with are orthologs of yeast Ss12 and Rad3 [1], XPB promotes DNA unwinding which is need for the RNA to successfully transcribe the DNA to mRNA. This step is energy dependent so requires hydrolysis of ATP[2]. The Cak region has kinases which phosphorylates a serine in the fifth position of the cysteine rich domain of RNA polymerase 2, this step is essential as it causes a conformational change to tighten its interaction with the DNA and leave some of the transcription factors behind[3]. Cak can also dissociate away from TFIIH as it has other roles in cell cycle regulation.
Some diseases associated with TFIIH mutations include:
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum (UV sensitivity)
- Trichothiodystrophy
- Cockayne Syndrome
References
- ↑ Goel Shivani, Krishnamurthy Shankarling, Hampsey Michael (2011) The mechanism of start site selection by RNA polymerase II: interplay between TFIIB and the Ssl2/XPB helicase subunit of TFIIH; J Biol Chem; [Epub ahead of print]
- ↑ Alberts et al. (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edition,pages;341 . garland science,madison avenue,new york.
- ↑ Alberts et al. (2008) Molecular biology of the cell, 5th edition,pages;341, 342 . garland science,madison avenue,new york.