Kinase: Difference between revisions
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A kinase is an [[Enzyme|enzyme]] that catalyses the addition of | A kinase is an [[Enzyme|enzyme]] that catalyses the addition of [[Phosphate|phosphate groups]] ([[phosphorylation|phosphorylation]]) to specific substrates, forming a [[Covalent bond|covalent bond]] with this [[substrate|substrate]]<ref>Molecular biology of the cell (5th edition), Alberts et al. Garland Science, 2008</ref>. There are currently 518 known protein kinase genes in the [[Human_genome|human genome]]<ref name="null">Manning G, Whyte DB, Martinez R, Hunter T, Sudarsanam S (2002) The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science 298: 1912-1934</ref>. Furthermore, kinases are commonly found in [[Cell signalling pathways|cell signalling pathways]], where they will activate or deactivate [[enzymes|enzymes]]. | ||
A known signalling pathway of this example of this is when the hormone [[Epinephrine|epinephrine]] is released and a series of kinases will activate the phosphorylase | A known signalling pathway of this example of this is when the [[hormone|hormone]] [[Epinephrine|epinephrine]] is released and a series of kinases will activate the [[phosphorylase A|phosphorylase A]] and deactivate [[glycogen synthase|glycogen synthase]] A to aid in the [[hydrolysis|hydrolysis]] of [[glycogen|glycogen]] into [[glucose|glucose]] to provide energy<ref>Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Section 21.3, Epinephrine and Glucagon Signal the Need for Glycogen Breakdown. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22429/</ref>. | ||
=== References | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 19:31, 28 November 2017
A kinase is an enzyme that catalyses the addition of phosphate groups (phosphorylation) to specific substrates, forming a covalent bond with this substrate[1]. There are currently 518 known protein kinase genes in the human genome[2]. Furthermore, kinases are commonly found in cell signalling pathways, where they will activate or deactivate enzymes.
A known signalling pathway of this example of this is when the hormone epinephrine is released and a series of kinases will activate the phosphorylase A and deactivate glycogen synthase A to aid in the hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose to provide energy[3].
References
- ↑ Molecular biology of the cell (5th edition), Alberts et al. Garland Science, 2008
- ↑ Manning G, Whyte DB, Martinez R, Hunter T, Sudarsanam S (2002) The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science 298: 1912-1934
- ↑ Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L. Biochemistry. 5th edition. New York: W H Freeman; 2002. Section 21.3, Epinephrine and Glucagon Signal the Need for Glycogen Breakdown. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22429/