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ATP ([[Adenosine|adenosine]] triphosphate) is a high energy molecule that is [[Hydrolysed|hydrolysed]] to provide energy for many reactions within the mammalian body. ATP is mainly synthesised in the [[Mitochondria|mitochondria]] of a [[Cell|cell]], in a process called [[Oxidative phosphorylation|oxidative phosphorylation]], via [[Electron transfer chain|electron transfer chain]]. A small amount of ATP is synthesised in the cytoplasm during [[Glycolysis|glycolysis]]. ATP is a very important source of energy for many cellular functions, including in [[Muscle|muscle]] contraction, [[Active transport|active transport]] and [[Condensation Reaction|condensation reactions]]. The [[Molecular|molecular]] structure of ATP constists of three [[Phosphate|phosphate]] groups linked to an [[Adenosine|adenosine]] core. These phosphate groups are linked in series by two phosphoanhydride bonds<ref>Molecular Biology of the Cell,5th Edition, 2008 Alberts et al, page 61</ref>.<br> | ATP ([[Adenosine|adenosine]] triphosphate) is a high energy molecule that is [[Hydrolysed|hydrolysed]] to provide energy for many reactions within the mammalian body. ATP is mainly synthesised in the [[Mitochondria|mitochondria]] of a [[Cell|cell]], in a process called [[Oxidative phosphorylation|oxidative phosphorylation]], via [[Electron transfer chain|electron transfer chain]]. A small amount of ATP is synthesised in the cytoplasm during [[Glycolysis|glycolysis]]. ATP is a very important source of energy for many cellular functions, including in [[Muscle|muscle]] contraction, [[Active transport|active transport]] and [[Condensation Reaction|condensation reactions]]. The [[Molecular|molecular]] structure of ATP constists of three [[Phosphate|phosphate]] groups linked to an [[Adenosine|adenosine]] core. These [[Phosphate_group|phosphate groups]] are linked in series by two [[phosphoanhydride bond|phosphoanhydride bonds]] <ref>Molecular Biology of the Cell,5th Edition, 2008 Alberts et al., page 61</ref>.<br> | ||
=== ATP Hydrolysis === | === ATP Hydrolysis === | ||
Hydrolysing ATP to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate ADP (adenosine diphosphate)] or further to [[AMP|AMP]] ([[AMP|adenosine monophosphate]]) releases a large amount of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_free_energy free energy], because the [[Phosphoanhydride bonds|phosphoanhydride bonds]] in the [[Molecule|molecule]] are broken <ref>Stryer | Hydrolysing ATP to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate ADP (adenosine diphosphate)] or further to [[AMP|AMP]] ([[AMP|adenosine monophosphate]]) releases a large amount of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_free_energy free energy], because the [[Phosphoanhydride bonds|phosphoanhydride bonds]] in the [[Molecule|molecule]] are broken <ref>Stryer et al. 2006, Biochemistry, 5th edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.</ref>. ATP is, however, a very stable [[Molecule|molecule]] and will only release its energy in the presence of [[ATPase|ATPase]].<br> | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 18:03, 18 October 2012
| Adenosine Triphosphate |
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| Adenine base (Red), Ribose (Pink), Phosphate (Blue) [1] |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a high energy molecule that is hydrolysed to provide energy for many reactions within the mammalian body. ATP is mainly synthesised in the mitochondria of a cell, in a process called oxidative phosphorylation, via electron transfer chain. A small amount of ATP is synthesised in the cytoplasm during glycolysis. ATP is a very important source of energy for many cellular functions, including in muscle contraction, active transport and condensation reactions. The molecular structure of ATP constists of three phosphate groups linked to an adenosine core. These phosphate groups are linked in series by two phosphoanhydride bonds [2].
ATP Hydrolysis
Hydrolysing ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) or further to AMP (adenosine monophosphate) releases a large amount of free energy, because the phosphoanhydride bonds in the molecule are broken [3]. ATP is, however, a very stable molecule and will only release its energy in the presence of ATPase.
References
- ↑ http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/atp/atp_text.htm
- ↑ Molecular Biology of the Cell,5th Edition, 2008 Alberts et al., page 61
- ↑ Stryer et al. 2006, Biochemistry, 5th edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.