Fumarate
Fumarate is a four carbon compound involved in the citric acid cycle which takes place in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration. It is formed by the oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase along with the help of FAD which accepts the hydrogens released to form FADH2. FAD is used as the hydrogen acceptor instead of NAD+ because the free energy change is insufficent to reduce NAD+[1].
References
- ↑ Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. "The Citric Acid Cycle Oxidizes Two-Carbon Units." Biochemistry. Seventh ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. 527. Print.